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Halachot for Yom Kippur 5785 with Practical Details and Sources

Categorized by time of day, with differences from a regular Shabbat highlighted:

1. Erev Yom Kippur (Yom Kippur Eve) Morning:

• Hatarat Nedarim (Annulment of Vows): This ceremony involves reciting a specific formula before a beit din (rabbinical court) of three men to annul vows made to G'd that one was unable to fulfill. This is done on Rosh Hashanah eve as well (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 660:1), but it's customary to repeat it on Yom Kippur eve. Practically, many communities arrange for a communal Hatarat Nedarim ceremony in the synagogue.
• Teshuva (Repentance): Begin or continue the process of sincere repentance. This involves regret for past sins, confession (ideally to G'd privately), and a firm commitment to change. Ask forgiveness from anyone you may have wronged. This is an ongoing process throughout the Ten Days of Repentance, but it's especially important on Yom Kippur eve, as Yom Kippur atones only for sins between man and G'd, not between man and his fellow.
• Prepare for the Seudat Mafseket: Begin preparing the food for the final meal before the fast begins. This allows ample time for the meal and avoids rushing close to sunset.

2. Erev Yom Kippur Afternoon:

• Eat Abundantly (Seudat Mafseket): Consume a festive meal, ideally larger than usual, to fortify yourself for the fast. The Ben Ish Hai recommends eating enough for two days (Ben Ish Hai, Laws of Yom Kippur). This is a unique practice for Yom Kippur eve. It's customary to eat meat and other delicacies at this meal.
• Eat Fish: The Ben Ish Hai recommends eating fish at this meal, connecting it to kabbalistic concepts of rectifying spiritual flaws (Ben Ish Hai, Laws of Yom Kippur).
• Immerse in the Mikveh: Men are obligated to immerse in a mikveh before the fast (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 613:1). Women, according to some opinions (though not Rav Ovadia Yosef), also immerse. This immersion is for purification and spiritual preparation for the holy day. Ensure the mikveh visit is completed with ample time before sunset.
• Candle Lighting: Light candles before sunset, as you would for Shabbat. The blessing includes the addition of "...and Yom Kippur" (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 610:1). It is customary for women to give tzedakah (charity) before lighting candles.
• Final Preparations: Ensure all preparations for the fast are complete, including setting out appropriate clothing, prayer books, and anything else needed for the synagogue services.

3. Yom Kippur Evening (Start of the Fast):

• Kol Nidre: Attend synagogue for the Kol Nidre service, which begins the Yom Kippur liturgy. This service is specifically timed to begin before sunset.
• Prohibitions Begin: The five main prohibitions of Yom Kippur (eating/drinking, washing, anointing with oil, wearing leather shoes, and marital relations) begin at sunset (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 613).

4. Yom Kippur Morning:

• Shacharit (Morning Service): Attend synagogue for morning prayers. The Yom Kippur Shacharit service includes special additions, such as Selichot (penitential prayers) and piyyutim (liturgical poems).
• Continue Fasting: Abstain from all prohibited activities.

5. Yom Kippur Afternoon:

• Musaf (Additional Service): Attend synagogue for the Musaf service. The Yom Kippur Musaf service recounts the Yom Kippur avodah (Temple service) of the High Priest.
• Continue Fasting: Abstain from all prohibited activities.
• Mincha (Afternoon Service): Attend synagogue for the Mincha service, which includes the reading of the Book of Jonah, a story of repentance.

6. Yom Kippur Neilah (Concluding Service):

• Neilah Service: Attend synagogue for the Neilah, the final service of Yom Kippur. This service has a unique, intense atmosphere as the "gates of repentance" are said to be closing. The ark (where the Torah scrolls are kept) remains open throughout this service.
• Final Prayers: Recite the Avinu Malkeinu (Our Father, Our King) prayer multiple times and the Vidui (confession) one last time. The Shofar is blown once at the very end of the service, marking the conclusion of Yom Kippur.

7. Motza'ei Shabbat Yom Kippur (After Yom Kippur):

• Break the Fast: Eat a meal after nightfall, marking the end of the fast. It's customary to eat a light meal to ease back into eating.
• Havdalah: Perform the Havdalah ceremony, as you would after Shabbat. However, unlike a regular Shabbat, the blessing over spices (besamim) is omitted, even if Yom Kippur ends on Saturday night (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 624:1).
• Prepare for Sukkot: After breaking the fast, it is customary to begin preparations for Sukkot, including studying the laws of Sukkot or even beginning to build the sukkah. This demonstrates a seamless transition from one mitzvah to the next.
• Havdalah Candle: An existing flame must be used to light the Havdalah candle, as no fire can be kindled on Yom Kippur (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 624:2). Prepare a 24-hour candle before Yom Kippur begins to use for this purpose.

Transcript

Shalom, dear friends, Refoua Shlema Beshem Hashem (complete healing in the name of G'd), Nassi Venatslia (miracle and salvation) for this Tuesday evening, October 8th. We are already, Be'ezrat Hashem (with G'd's help), this evening, the 7th of the month of Tishrei.

This shiur (lesson) is given by Mr. Lombroso Haim (life) for the elevation of the soul of his father, grandfather, father-in-law, Yosef ben Yitzhak Ve Maïssa Lombroso (Joseph, son of Isaac and Maïssa Lombroso) this evening.

Ve Hashem Tenahenu BeGan Eden Elyon VeHol Hashochvim Imo Bikhlal Aharonim Vekadmonim (And may G'd give us pleasure in the Garden of Eden, the highest, and all who are buried with him, including those who came later and those who came before). VeHen Yiratson Milfanav SheTeyhey Nishmato Tsrura Bitsror HaHaim (And this is the will before Him, that his soul be bound in the bundle of life).

It is said of him that he was an honest man and a fighter for Israel, and that he desired Shalom (peace). So a man who pursued peace, who loved his people, who loved the land. Baruch Hashem SheYehi Rouah Hashem Be'ezrat Hashem Alav (Blessed be G'd, may the spirit of G'd be upon him with G'd's help). And may his soul ascend to Gan Eden Elyon (the highest Garden of Eden) through the merit of the Ben Ish Hai (Son of a Living Man). Why do I speak of the Ben Ish Hai?

We will study together tonight, Maamar Ben Ish Hai Zecher Tsadik VeKadosh Livraha (a saying of the Ben Ish Hai, memory of the righteous and holy one, for a blessing) on the minhagim (customs) of Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).

So, of course, a very strong thought for all of our soldiers, SheHashem Uverachotam Yishmor Aleihem (May G'd and His blessings watch over them), LeNishmat Kol Am Israel (for the soul of all the people of Israel), and of course all our hostages, for whom we have a deep thought. Thank you for purchasing this shiur. Be'ezrat Hashem SheNizkeh LeYeshuot VeNehamot Lemaan Shemo BeAhava (With G'd's help, may we merit salvation and comfort for the sake of His name with love).

Without further ado, let's begin our first shiur of the evening. Be'ezrat Hashem, Hikel Et HaAm VeHaAnashim VeHaNashim VeHaTa VeHaGer Asher Besharecha Lemaan Yishme'u VeLemaan Yilmedu Veyir'u Et Hashem Elokeichem (Gather the people, the men, the women, the children, and the stranger who is within your gates, so that they may hear and learn and fear the Lord your G'd).

So, we are asked to gather all the children, the women, the elderly, and the converts for the holiday of Yom Kippurim. Be'ezrat Hashem, which is marked by several preparations, degrees of preparation, and different minhagim. Amru Hazhamim Zichronam Livracha BeMasechet Brachot BeDalet Het Amud Bet (The sages, of blessed memory, said in Tractate Brachot 48b): Mitzvah Leharbot BeErev Yom Kippur Leharbot BeSeudah (It is a mitzvah to eat abundantly on Yom Kippur eve).

There is a mitzvah (commandment) to eat a lot on Yom Kippur eve, for this year, 2024, that is to say, to have a double meal for the day before Yom Kippur. VeKatvu HaMekubalim (And the Kabbalists have written), Tzarich Le'echol Shiur Sheney Yamim (One must eat the amount for two days).

That is to say, that on Friday of 2024, we must eat the quantity of food for two days. So, how many meals does that make? It's not complicated. If you are used to having two meals a day, that will be four meals to eat on Yom Kippur eve. If you are used to having three meals, that will be six meals to eat, with the Seudat Mafseket (final meal), Be'ezrat Hashem, on Yom Kippur eve.

And the Sages tell us that anyone who makes these meals on Yom Kippur eve will be considered as if he had fasted for two days. Just as there is a mitzvah not to eat on Yom Kippur, there is a mitzvah to eat on Yom Kippur eve. From the morning after the prayer, we make, we have the minhag (custom) to make Hatarat Nedarim (annulment of vows).

We make Hatarat Nedarim on Rosh Hashanah eve, and we annul witchcraft, the ayin hara (evil eye), and curses on Yom Kippur eve. This is what we are accustomed to doing. It's a very good minhag that I recommend to everyone, since then in the evening, on Yom Kippur eve, we do Kol Nidre, which comes to annul the nedarim (vows) that we have made during the year. Ufrayn (and he explains) it will be brought here. VeKedey Letaken Yom Ba'chila Ma SheTzarich LeYom Zeh U'Ma SheTzarich LeYom Ahar (And in order to prepare for the day, eat what is needed for that day and what is needed for the next day).

For we must eat on Yom Kippur eve for the day of Yom Kippur eve and for the day of Yom Kippur. HaKadosh VeAdam Ya'aseh Kol Ma SheBeShem Shamayim (The Holy One, and man will do everything in the name of Heaven). And we must do things LeShem Shamayim (for the sake of Heaven). So eat at least 54 grams of bread for each of these meals and recite the Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals) during this day the number of times you have eaten. VeHashem Yitbarach Lo Yimna Tov LaHolhim BeTamim (And the blessed G'd will not withhold good from those who walk uprightly). VeHaKadosh Baruch Hu (And the Holy One, Blessed be He) will not fail to bring happiness to those who do His will.

Tov (good), listen carefully. Mitzvah Le'echol Dagim BeErev Yom Kippur Shaharit Davka (It is a mitzvah to eat fish on Yom Kippur eve, specifically at Shaharit). So, the Ben Ish Hai explains to us that Al Pi Sod (according to the secret), it is a great mitzvah to eat fish at the first meal of the day on Yom Kippur eve. That is, as soon as we have finished the Shaharit (morning) prayer, we take out a can of tuna, we take sardines, we take whatever we want with bread, and we eat fish. Why? LeShem SheKatzev Semer Mi'Na Midrash (Because it is written in the Midrash).

Which says, like the Midrash, Ma'aseh Efrayim ReTam Lazeh Ki HaDagim Omdim Le'ayin Hara Pikeah Me'erev HaYesod (The story of Ephraim is entirely for this, that the fish stand against the evil eye, because from the foundation...). For fish have their eyes always open, they have no eyelids, and they are at the base of Sefirat HaYesod (the Sefira of Foundation), which comes to repair the Shevirat HaBrit (breaking of the covenant), that is to say, the faults of the brit milah (circumcision).

SheHu BeHinat HaYom Hazeh BeSod HaPasuk Ben Porat Yosef Ben Porat Alei Ayin Benot Tsa'adah Ali Shor VeTov Ayin U'Yevorah (Which is in the aspect of this day, according to the secret of the verse: "Joseph is a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall."). And so, there is a connection here with the Tikkun HaBrit (repair of the covenant), repairing the faults of the brit milah, to eat fish at the first meal of the five meals, at least, Be'ezrat Hashem, that we will have on Yom Kippurim eve.

The Kapparot (atonement ritual). So, you know, as we've often talked about, there are the reparations. Why? Because we don't know what has been decreed on Rosh Hashanah. We don't know. Maybe we will live, maybe we won't live. Only G'd knows. No one can say, "I know I'm going to live." You don't know anything. All the people who were murdered or who died of illness or other causes or old age this year had not planned to die, and yet, they are gone.

So, what do we do? Well, Tov SheKadma LaMaka (It is good that it came before the plague). In this case, we will look at what the dinim (laws) are, that is, what the laws are of Sekila, Serefa, Hereg, VeHenek (stoning, burning, slaying, and strangulation), these four deaths that exist in the Talmud, in Tractate Sanhedrin or Tractate Makkot, among others, and then we will apply them to ourselves.

That is to say, Sekila (stoning), Serefa (burning), Hereg (slaying), Henek (strangulation). How do we do it? So, here, to be able to fulfill the mitzvah, we will have the intention of thinking of the name Hatar, which is an extremely powerful angelic name found at the end of the verse Poteah Et Yadecha (You open Your hand), which brings blessing. And these letters, Het, Taf, Resh are the initials of the three words that will make the kappara for our sins: Halifatenu, Temuratenu, Kapparatenu (in our place, in exchange for us, atonement for us).

Which means Halifatenu (in our place), Temuratenu (in exchange for us), that is to say, instead of taking him, take the other. Kapparatenu (atonement for us), expiation. Here is what we will say. We have two ways of doing this kind of expiation, of reparation. Either, as the Ben Ish Hai says here, we take a male chicken, a rooster for men and a hen for women. Even pregnant women will take a kappara for the baby that is in them. Lekaper Al HaAdam Be'ezrat Hashem (To atone for the person, with G'd's help).

And of course, before doing the kappara, he must think about doing a sincere teshuva (repentance) by asking forgiveness with all his heart from all the people he could have hurt, so without hesitation, his wife, the wife, the husband, the children, the children, the parents, and so on. All the people we work with, in general, we have a closeness with our brother, with our sister. If we know that we have unfortunately sinned with them or that we have misbehaved, it is imperative to be the first to take the mitzvah. And listen carefully to what I am telling you, because unfortunately, sometimes we don't realize it, but we miss great opportunities.

And one of the greatest opportunities offered to us from Heaven is not to know who is right or wrong, it is the one who takes the first step to have the mitzvah. Which means that, as Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakkai said, Me'olami Lo Kidimani Ish LeShalom (No man ever preceded me in greeting). I was never overtaken to be greeted. In the same way, if you have sinned against someone, don't hesitate to pick up the phone or go see them. Don't wait. Don't wait for them to call you. Take the mitzvah in your hands. Be the first to run to tell them, "I'm calling you to make shalom. I ask your forgiveness. I got carried away, I wasn't correct, I wasn't up to what you expected. I may have been ungrateful to you. It's Yom Kippur. G'd will forgive us. Behave like Him. Forget the past and let's start again, only with the future. Forgive me, for I do not intend to return to the wrong or to the way I disrespected you as I did."

This is how things are settled, with sincerity. And if really, Be'ezrat Hashem, there is a very beautiful story I would like to tell you from last week. It's that there was a dispute between two women, which took on too much importance. And the neighbor, well, the woman, went to buy a bouquet of flowers. And she went to bring it to the other woman with whom there had been this dispute. And, well, it was a dispute, it was a bit heated. Nothing dramatic in the absolute, but not, not, not great.

And the person was so touched to receive flowers that the next day she rushed to bring her a gift, and they blessed each other. To tell you, just a parenthesis, look at what it depends on in life. Of course, when we talk about normal people, not toxic or stupid or affected or I don't know what. We're not talking about people who love war, who love hate, who, no, we put them aside. We're talking about normal people. Sometimes it takes nothing to fix volcanic situations that could have ended very badly, whereas there, it can end very well.

Yom Kippur is the meeting place par excellence of shalom and forgiveness, the day of great forgiveness. It's bigger than anything. We're not going to wait for Yom Kippur to apologize if we've hurt someone. But on Yom Kippur, we still have help from Heaven that it can be fixed. And it has to be fixed.

Again, I'm taking advantage of this for another parenthesis. If you come to Yom Kippur and someone has taken your place, don't make the person get up. It's a test from Heaven. It's a test from Heaven. This person who has taken your place, make a resolution with him. On Yom Kippur, when you leave your place, even though it's yours, and a person is sitting there, G'd sits next to him in the world above. You value it, then G'd values it. You let it go, G'd lets it go. And we sometimes don't realize it. "Listen, sir, this is my place, I don't understand how you are sitting here, I paid for it." HaKadosh Baruch Hu (The Holy One, Blessed be He) tells you, "Yes, you too will pay for it." You don't value it. Then you can tell the person, "You are sitting in my place, stay seated for another hour, I'll take a walk, I'll do this and that."

If you are really tired, Aval Lo Frayn LeHronim (But he does not explain for the chronically ill). For Yom Kippur, Tzarich Liyot Anav Anav (You must be very humble, very humble), extremely humble, extremely discreet, almost non-existent, like an angel, who is transparent, whom we do not see. On Yom Kippur, we dress like angels, with the tallit (prayer shawl), and we cry Baruch Shem Kevod Malchuto Le'olam Va'ed (Blessed be the Name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever), as the angels do, who say it aloud, while we say it in a low voice all year round. And there, on Yom Kippur, we will say it aloud.

So, either I take a chicken, for this I will have to ask a shohet (ritual slaughterer) who is professional, whom I see with my own eyes checking the blade well before doing the shechita (slaughter) to the chicken, since by taking this chicken, well, as I have already repeated to you many times, we make this chicken undergo the four Beit Din (court) methods, the four methods of putting to death, which are, so, we said earlier, the sword, that's the shechita. Then, the stoning, we throw it into this kind of cone in which it will empty its blood. There is the mitzvah of Kissuy HaDam (covering the blood). We will prepare a pot of earth to bury the blood. It is a great mitzvah in Judaism, Bracha Al Kissuy HaDam (blessing on the covering of the blood), Be'ezrat Hashem.

Then, well, the chicken, so we said that it was thrown. There is strangulation, because before the shechita, of course, we take it by the neck from behind, which makes the chicken a little strangled. Barely strangled, that's the third Beit Din method, and we put it in the oven to consume it or give it to a poor family, which is the fire. Then, we have done the four Beit Din methods. There is what is called malkot (lashes), the blows. In this case, one of the people from the synagogue, if possible the oldest, will give three light blows with a leather belt or leather straps, no need to hit hard, on the right shoulder, left shoulder, and the center. VeHu Rahamim Yechaper Avon VeLo Yashhit VeHarbeh LeHashiv Appo (And He is merciful, He will atone for iniquity, and will not destroy, and He will multiply to bring back His presence). The person will do teshuva beforehand. There are texts to say that are in the Yom Kippur prayer book, to be certain that if he should merit one of these four deaths, it has been done by the chicken. And if he merits, Has VeShalom (G'd forbid), to be beaten because he has, for example, raised his hand against malkhut (kingship), well, he will have done it himself on Yom Kippur eve.

We are used to praying early, by the way. For us, we pray around 1:00 p.m. to do the Seudat Mafseket and come dressed in white, with peace between us, a true peace, to take upon ourselves to never again say a harsh word to any Jew, even if it is our family. Silence is more important than speaking. Words have value only when they come to repair and not to destroy. VeLakhen Be'ezrat Hashem Yitbarach Zeh Peirush HaDavar (And therefore, with G'd's help, this is the explanation of the matter), for which we do it this way. But we can absolutely use money, with which we can take this money in our hands and say, "Here is the money with which I make my kappara." It is just as valid as the chicken. It is safer than the chicken, because with the chicken, we don't know how the shechita was done. The shohet, since when has he been doing it? We can do it, by the way, from hatzot halayla (midnight) until dawn. Some do it at dawn. We can do it all day long.

And on this, Be'ezrat Hashem, I take this opportunity to tell you that at Torat Haim (Torah of Life), we will do the kapparot for you. You make the donation, we note your names, and we will do the seder (order) of kapparot right here. But you can do it yourself, Be'ezrat Hashem, and then send the donation to support the Torah and its families. There you go, that was for the sivuv (surrounding) of the kapparot. Then, we have the Seudat Mafseket.

Wait just a moment. Kissuy HaDam (covering of the blood). Seudat Mafseket Nohagim BeVenun BeZman Kadmon Letapel Pat BeSukar (The final meal, we are accustomed in ancient times to dip bread in sugar). So, I was telling you that the Ben Ish Hai tells us that we put the bread in sugar and not in honey. VeHen Katav Ma'aseh Efrayim Im Nagash Kenaz Ahar Tzarich Gam Ken La'asot Melah Al HaShulhan (And so Ma'aseh Efrayim wrote, if one approaches it, then one must also put salt on the table). And even if there is sugar, don't forget to put salt on the table, as I have often taught you, by the way. Why? Because it reminds us of the Mizbeach (altar), on which there was always salt. So, we dip it in sugar, and we can also dip it in salt. Me, that's what I do. I mix the sugar and salt together and I dip it in, but then, everyone has their minhagim.

After which, we finish with this famous Psalm 126, Shir Hama'alot BeShuv Hashem Et Shivat Tzion (A song of ascents. When the Lord brought back those that returned to Zion), before Birkat Hamazon, as the Ashkenazim do, but the Ben Ish Hai says that it is good to do it for us too. All sins between man and his neighbor, we talked about it, Yom Kippur does not make kappara, and we cannot begin, listen carefully.

Listen to what he says. Ein Yom HaKippurim Mekhaper Ad SheYehapeis MeHabero VeAl Ken Kol Adam Tzarich Levakeish Mehila MeHabero BeErev Yom Kippur O Kodem Hatseret Im Teshuva VeTov Sha'a Hazan (Yom Kippur does not atone until one appeases his fellow, and therefore every person must ask forgiveness from his fellow on Yom Kippur eve or before the holiday with repentance, and a good time, cantor). So, we don't have to wait for Yom Kippur eve, recalls the Ben Ish Hai, to ask forgiveness from others. We can do it during the 10 Days of Repentance. So, now. But we cannot begin Kol Nidre before we have all asked for forgiveness.

So, to remember, we really need to forgive each other. And if we need a discussion before forgiving, it must take place. But know that the most beautiful gift we can give each other in honor of the holidays is that living angry with someone always creates a lot of sand under our feet when we walk. It's not pleasant. When we have made peace, we feel much better. So, let's try to do better and let's all make peace.

I know I'm pathetic with this parenthesis, but today, I'm really, I'm really afraid of what I'm seeing and noticing around me. There are people with whom peace is not possible because they are repeat offenders by nature. So, what do we do in that case? We make peace, we ask for forgiveness, we don't disrespect, but we don't have to be friends. Everyone in their place, with love. We don't talk about each other. We try to see each other in the best conditions in the world, but not to get back into it, to humiliate ourselves, to yell at each other, or to insult each other, or worse, to curse each other.

Ufrayn (And he explains), so where am I? Livracha VeHen SheHarav (For a blessing, and behold what the rabbi said). VeGam (And also), oh, especially with one's parents, VeKol Sheken Vis-a-Vis Shel Avo VeImo SheAdam Lo Nitsol MeHet Zeh BeHol Yamim (And all the more so towards his father and mother, that a person is not saved from this sin all his days). For respecting one's parents is one of the most difficult mitzvot, and who has not sinned against his parents? VeIm Ben O Bat Lo Bikesh Mehila (And if a son or daughter has not asked for forgiveness), and if the children have not come to ask forgiveness from their parents, then, if the parents are really good parents, and the children have not come to ask forgiveness, let the parents forgive their children, even if they are not there. Yomru BeFivhem VeYomru Anohim Mehalim LeBenenu (They will say in their hearts, "We forgive our son"), and they will say, "I forgive my son or my daughter, Al Kol Ma SheHata Li (For all that he has sinned against me), for all the wrongs he has committed against me, Mehila Gemura (Complete forgiveness), I forgive him completely, and may nothing happen to him because of his lack of respect for me."

Both parents should say this and not hold a grudge or resentment against their children. Af Ba'al Lo Bikesh Mehila LeIshto (Even if the husband has not asked forgiveness from his wife), even if the wife has not asked her husband for forgiveness, the husband will forgive her. And if the wife has not, the husband has not asked his wife for forgiveness, well, in honor of Yom Kippur, the wife will say, "Master of the world, despite the fact that my husband does not even ask me for forgiveness for all the harm and humiliation he has made me suffer, know that I forgive him. We are starting from scratch."

Hizaharu Anashim BeErev Yom Kippurim BeNikur Atar Negulim (Men, beware on Yom Kippur eve of removing hair from hidden places). Tov (good), that's something else. LeHizaher BeKashrut Hizaharu BeTevila BeErev Yom Kippurim (Be careful with kashrut. Be careful with immersion on Yom Kippur eve). Men should all go to the mikveh (ritual bath) on Yom Kippur eve. VeShanu SheHolech LeTevila BeMikveh Ya'aseh (And we learned that one who goes to immerse in the mikveh should do). Im Efshar Ya'aseh Holech Sur Lu Shteym Esreh Liter Shesh Me'ot (If possible, he should pour over himself twelve liters, six hundred). If possible, pour over him twelve liters, about 600, of shower water, Be'ezrat Hashem. According to the Ben Ish Hai, strangely, women should also go to the mikveh, but Rav Ovadia Yosef formally forbids a woman to go to the mikveh if it is not her time or if she is not married, so we move on. La'asot Hadlakat Nerot KeMo BeLeil Shabbat (To light candles as on Shabbat eve). We will light the candles in honor of Shabbat and LaHadlik (to light), so what will we say for this 2024 Yom Kippur? LaHadlik Ner Shel Shabbat VeYom Kippurim (To light the candle of Shabbat and Yom Kippur). We will light the candles with olive oil. Harei Mitzvat Dikur HaLevana DuSha Yom Kippurim (Behold, the mitzvah of mentioning the moon is pushed back because of Yom Kippur). And so, they will then return to the minhagim. La'asot Ashkenazim LeTaken BeYom Shmona LaHodesh Tishrei Ptilut Shel Nerot VeKippurim Shel Nerot Molikhim Otam MiBeit HaKenesset (The Ashkenazim have the custom of preparing on the eighth day of the month of Tishrei wicks for the candles of Yom Kippur, which they bring from the synagogue). Tov (good).

Yad Minhagim (hand of customs), or the 8th, that is, Thursday, which will come this week, women prepare the candles for the synagogue. This was at the time when there was no light, I think. Tosif Meruba Al Kodesh BeLeil Shabbat Kabala Hi Be'Amirat Bo'i Kala U'VeMizmor Shalom Aleichem Mal'achei HaShalom Mal'achei Elyon MiMelech Malchei HaMelachim HaKadosh Baruch Hu (Adding much to the Kedusha prayer on Shabbat eve is a Kabbalistic tradition, with the recitation of "Bo'i Kala" and the verse "Peace be upon you, ministering angels, angels of the Most High, from the King of kings, the Holy One, Blessed be He"). Ahar Tosefet SheHehiyanu VeIm Kivel Tosefet BeFrosh BeFiv Ahal Ma'at LeKabalto (After the addition of "Shehehiyanu," and if he accepted the addition explicitly orally, he should wait a little before accepting it).

All this we will see in the prayer. For fasting, Katan Kodem Ahat Esreh Shanim Lo Yit'aneh (A minor before eleven years old does not fast). A child under eleven years old will not fast. Parka LeHol Yit'aneh Efshar Yom De'ayta Zachar MiShesh Esreh Shana (Except for all that he fasts. It is possible on the day before, for a male from sixteen years). So, if he is thirteen years old, and she is twelve years old, they must fast. Otherwise, they can do up to eleven hours, up to, I'm talking about those under bar mitzvah age, they can practice fasting. Hizaharu SheLo Yirbeh Lehitkadesh Keli Shel Mayim VeShtiya Etsel Mitoto (Be careful not to multiply the sanctification of a vessel of water and drink near his bed). So, that's something else. Lo Yiga BeIshto BeLayla O (He shall not touch his wife on the night or). The five prohibitions. So, listen carefully. Lo Yiga BeIshto Ben BeLayla Ben BaYom KeMo Niddah (He shall not touch his wife, whether at night or during the day, as if she were a niddah). When Yom Kippurim comes, we do not touch our wife, we do not sleep near her, nothing, as if she were niddah (menstruating), the eve and the whole day of Yom Kippur. VeGam LeDavka Asur Li'ga BaYom Le'et Lan Ba (And also, it is specifically forbidden to touch her during the day, to give her something). On the other hand, giving her something hand to hand during the day is not a problem, but the day before, not at all. U'Le'et Tzarich LeHishtamer Al HaMetirim BaYom VeHizaharu Gam Ken SheLo Yishnu Ish VeIshto BeMita (And to give, one must be careful about the permitted things during the day. And be careful also that a man and his wife do not sleep in a bed). We do not sleep in the same bed. VeHen Al Zeh HaDereh Af Al Pi SheYesh Metirim Li'ga Be'Ochlim BeYom Kippurim VeNizkar BeHag'at HaShulhan Arukh MiKol MaKom MiYesh SheHim (And this is the way. Even though there are permits to touch food on Yom Kippur, and we will mention the touching of the Shulhan Arukh from every place where they are). VeLakhen Davka Isha Tzarich (And therefore, specifically a woman must). So, we do not touch food on Yom Kippur for fear that we might taste it or drop it. In relation to this, but if she has to prepare for her children, then she will do it. VeHizaharu SheBe'Ochlim BeYom Kippurim LeHachdu BeKissuy NeKiya (And be careful with food on Yom Kippur to be stringent with a clean covering). Oh, it is important to change the sheets in honor of Yom Kippur, to put on beautiful clothes. Lehatsin Et HaMita VeHaShulhan (To adorn the bed and the table). Prepare a beautiful house. Alav Mapa BeShabbat (On it a tablecloth on Shabbat). We put a white tablecloth in honor of Shabbat on the table, even if we don't eat there. Hizaharu Kol Adam SheLo Yiga BeMe'alav Af Al Pi SheHu BeBeged Tamei BeGedav (Every person should be careful not to become impure, even though he is in impure clothing in his generation). Be careful not to become impure by touching shoes or other things. Once we have become impure, VeTov LeHitpalel BeHir'a Kol Tefilot (And it is good to pray with fear all prayers). And it is good to cry on Yom Kippur, to speak with a sincere heart, which means that even people who do not understand Hebrew can, during the repetition of the Amidah, read in their language what is being said, to experience the prayer and not just repeat it foolishly while understanding absolutely nothing. It is a mitzvah to cry on Yom Kippur because we really come to ask G'd for forgiveness, who will erase a whole year of spiritual debt, and we will start again from scratch. So, of course, no jokes, no silliness, no foolishness. Really be very serious on Yom Kippurim, Be'ezrat Hashem Yitbarach* (with the help of G'd, may He be blessed).

We don't wear leather shoes, so we don't sleep next to our wife, we saw, we don't put on oil, we don't wash our face, we just put a tiny bit of water on our eyes if we really need it, we don't brush our teeth, we stay focused, we don't necessarily smell good, but we're not there to talk on Yom Kippur, only to pray under our tallit, to give 24 hours to the Torah for 365 days of happiness afterwards, Be'ezrat Hashem (with G'd's help). As it is written, Ki Yishma Hashem Kol Behi (For the Lord hears the voice of those who weep), for the Eternal hears the voice of those who weep, VeHu LeVehu Li (and He is to Him and He is to me). Okay. Af Al Pi Hal Yom Kippurim Nohagim La'asot Hatarat Nedarim (Even though it is the day of Yom Kippur, we are accustomed to make the annulment of vows). BeHora'a (with instruction). Okay, we move on. What else can we say? Yesh Le'echol Seudat Ta'anit BeMotza'ei Yom Kippur (One may eat the fast meal on Yom Kippur's exit). So, on Motza'ei Yom Kippur (the evening after Yom Kippur), of course, we make Havdalah (separation), since it is also the end of Shabbat. We prepare Seudah Revi'it (fourth meal), Be'ezrat Hashem, for which we will make, Be'ezrat Hashem, this long-awaited meal at the end of Yom Kippur, as it is written, by the way, for the Kohen (priest), go home and have your meal, Be'ezrat Hashem Yitbarach VeTaley SheMo La'ad Shel HaKadosh Baruch Hu (with the help

of G'd, may He be blessed, and the elevation of His name forever, of the Holy One, Blessed be He). So, on this subject, I wanted to see just with you, in the halachot (Jewish laws) here, there is a summary of halachot that I liked. I would just like a moment. There we go. Just a little moment, sorry for the time I'm taking. Asay Teshuva (do repentance). There, I'm getting there. Tevila, Malkot (immersion, lashes), we explained that. HaHamisha Inuyim (the five afflictions), we said that. There is still, despite the fact of crying, to be filled with joy inside and d'emuna (faith) towards Hashem.

The people who cannot fast, that's important to talk about. So, a woman who has given birth within three days is exempt from fasting. Within seven days, it is she who decides if she can fast or not. It will be herself, if she is within seven days of giving birth, who will see if she can or cannot. There is no better doctor than oneself. People who have heart problems, blood pressure problems, significant sugar problems, with a medical opinion from a doctor who himself fasts on Yom Kippur, of course, we're not going to take someone who has nothing to do with it, or a non-Jew who will tell you, "Listen, I don't know what your holiday is," and who himself says, "Oh no, no, in your case, you are obliged to take your medication." The person will take their medication. If they cannot take it without water, then they will take the necessary water to swallow their medication and not, Has VeShalom (G'd forbid), collapse and continue their fast. Now, if this person has a formal restriction on eating, then every 10 minutes, they can drink 10 cc of water and 27 grams of food every 10 minutes. If this person is in a state where it is not possible for them, they absolutely must eat, then in that case, they will eat with the authorization of the doctor, who is not anti-religious, and the rabbi, who is a Moreh Hora'a (halachic decisor). That is, you need two opinions, that of the doctor and that of the rabbi, Be'ezrat Hashem (with G'd's help).

I think we've covered an important point in this area, the debts. Okay. Women who are leyda (close to giving birth) must fast. So, they drink a lot of water, they must rest, and if there is a problem, they will stop fasting to do what is necessary and save their child, Be'ezrat Hashem (with G'd's help), hoping that all is well. Hashem Yerachem Aleinu (May G'd have mercy on us). Generally, Yom Kippur goes well. Rehitza (washing), we said we don't do it. Netilat Yadayim (handwashing), we only do it up to the knuckles. And I'm trying to see very quickly what else we can add. HaHavdalah BeMotza'ei Yom Kippurim Ein Mevarehim Al HaBesamim Af Al Pi Im Hal BeShabbat (The Havdalah on Yom Kippur's exit, we do not bless on the spices, even though it falls on Shabbat). So there, that's it. That's why I wanted to come back to this halacha because I knew there was the problem of besamim (spices). We will not make the blessing on the besamim of Havdalah on Motza'ei (exit of) Yom Kippur, even if it falls on Shabbat. VeHaHavdalah BeMotza'ei Yom Kippur Ein Mevarehim Al HaBesamim Af Al Pi Im Hal BeShabbat U'MiKol MaKom Tov SheBeSium HaHavdalah Ya'aseh (And the Havdalah on Yom Kippur's exit, we do not bless on the spices, even though it falls on Shabbat. And from every place, it is good that at the end of Havdalah he should do). SheYeshtamesh Be'Oto Besamim (That he should use that spice). And on the other hand, we will do it the other way around. After having finished Havdalah, it is good to take besamim, that is to say incense, and to say the blessing on the besamim. BaHavdalah Baruch Al HaOr (In Havdalah, blessed on the light). Ah! Another important point. Especially prepare a 24-hour candle before Yom Kippur begins, from which you can then take this flame to make the Havdalah candle. You do not have the right to light, to do work, to light a candle until you have made Havdalah. So, from an existing flame to an existing flame. You must prepare this flame before Yom Kippur. Don't forget to share this lesson. Many people don't know, and as soon as Yom Kippur is over, they light to make Havdalah. That is forbidden. You need an already existing flame. So, you prepare a flame before Yom Kippur that will stay lit, even for 48 hours, it doesn't matter. After that, you will take this flame and you will be able to light the famous Havdalah candle.

It is good to go out, according to Rabbi Natan, because it is a mitzvah from the Torah, not like a fast decreed by the rabbis. And we will make the Birkat HaLevana (blessing of the moon) for the tune. Yesh Seudah Revi'it Yesh Omrim Seudah Zo SheHolech BeMotza'ei Shabbat Mekayem Mitzvat Seudah Revi'it VeYesh Omrim SheMe'ahar SheBeYom Shabbat Atsmo Lo Hayta Mitzvat Oneg Akhila U'Shtiya Me'ayin Lanu BeMotza'ei Shabbat SheYesh Lanu Le'aleha Be'Akhila U'Shtiya U'LeMa'aseh MiKeivan SheHolech Ochlim Seudah MiMotza'ei Yom Kippur Nahon Lehavein BeHilhato (There is a fourth meal. Some say that this meal, which one eats on Motza'ei Shabbat, fulfills the mitzvah of the fourth meal. And some say that since on Shabbat itself there was no mitzvah of enjoying food and drink, from where do we have it on Motza'ei Shabbat that we should delight in food and drink? And in practice, since one eats a meal on Motza'ei Yom Kippur, it is correct to intend at its beginning). So, we will have the meal LeShem (for the sake of) and there is a disagreement. But in any case, since we eat anyway, let us do it in honor of this and that. MiMitzvah LeMitzvah (from mitzvah to mitzvah). To finish, as soon as we have finished the fast of Yom Kippur, for all of us, LeHaim Tovim U'LeShalom (to a good and peaceful life), may we have a very good year. VeYeshuot VeNehamot LeKol Am Israel (And salvations and comforts for all the people of Israel). We will finish with this nekuda (point) so important, Be'ezrat Hashem (with G'd's help). As soon as we have finished the meal, Birkat Hamazon of Motza'ei Shabbat Yom Kippur (Grace After Meals of the exit of Shabbat Yom Kippur), either we study the laws of the sukkah (booth), or we begin to build the sukkah to go from one mitzvah to another mitzvah. After which, Be'ezrat Hashem, we will return to the holidays to finish them in joy, not like October 7th, but with Tehiyat HaMetim (resurrection of the dead), the resurrection of the dead of all this year so difficult for the people of Israel, who, we can say openly, Master of the world, Day LeTsaaratenu U'Baruch Haba LeSimhatenu (Enough of our suffering, and welcome our joy).

Key Terms for Yom Kippur

Hebrew Word/Phrase	Transliteration	Explanation
יום כיפור	Yom Kippur	Day of Atonement. The holiest day of the Jewish year, focused on repentance, atonement, and reconciliation with God. It is a time for deep introspection and self-evaluation, acknowledging one's shortcomings and seeking forgiveness for sins committed against God. It involves a complete fast from food and drink, as well as other restrictions, creating an atmosphere of spiritual focus and detachment from physical pleasures.
ערב יום כיפור	Erev Yom Kippur	Yom Kippur Eve. The day before Yom Kippur, observed with special preparations for the upcoming holy day. These preparations include immersing in a mikveh, performing Hatarat Nedarim, asking forgiveness from individuals one has wronged, and eating a special final meal (Seudat Mafseket) before the fast begins.
סעודה מפסקת	Seudat Mafseket	The final meal eaten before the Yom Kippur fast begins. It is customary to eat a larger and more festive meal than usual to fortify oneself for the upcoming 25-hour fast. This meal is meant to be a spiritual preparation as well, a time to reflect on the upcoming day and set intentions for repentance.
כפרות	Kapparot	Atonement ritual performed on Yom Kippur eve. It involves swinging a live chicken (or money) over one's head three times while reciting verses, symbolically transferring one's sins to the chicken (or money). The chicken is then slaughtered and given to charity, or the money is donated. While the exact meaning of the ritual is debated, it is generally understood as a tangible expression of one's desire to cast away sin.
חליפתנו תמורתינו כפרתינו	Halifatenu Temuratenu Kapparatenu	"In our place, in exchange for us, atonement for us." These words are recited three times during the Kapparot ritual, corresponding to the three swings of the chicken or money. They express the hope that the chicken (or money) will be accepted as a substitute for oneself, and that atonement will be granted.
תשובה	Teshuva	Repentance. A central theme of Yom Kippur and a fundamental principle in Judaism. It involves genuine regret for past sins (both against God and against other people), a full confession of the wrongdoing, and a firm commitment to change one's behavior and avoid repeating the sin in the future. Teshuva is a process that can take place throughout the year but is particularly emphasized during the High Holidays.
חטאת	Het	Sin. An unintentional transgression against God's commandments.
עוון	Avon	Iniquity. A deliberate sin, committed with knowledge of its wrongfulness.
פשע	Pesha	Rebellion. A willful and defiant violation of God's law, often stemming from a rejection of God's authority.
וידוי	Vidui	Confession. A detailed recital of sins, both general and specific, recited multiple times during the Yom Kippur liturgy. The Vidui is not simply a list of wrongdoings but an expression of remorse and a plea for forgiveness.
כל נדרי	Kol Nidre	"All Vows." The opening prayer of the Yom Kippur evening service, which annuls vows made to God that could not be kept. It specifically refers to vows made between oneself and God, not vows made between people. The recitation of Kol Nidre serves as a reminder of the importance of fulfilling one's commitments and the seriousness of making vows.
תפילת נעילה	Tefillat Ne'ilah	The concluding prayer service of Yom Kippur. Ne'ilah means "closing," referring to the closing of the "gates of repentance" at the end of Yom Kippur. This service has a unique, intense atmosphere, as it is the last opportunity to seek forgiveness before the day ends.
חמשה עינויים	Hamisha Inuyim	The five afflictions of Yom Kippur: abstaining from eating and drinking, washing (for pleasure), anointing with oil (for pleasure), wearing leather shoes, and marital relations. These restrictions are meant to create a state of physical discomfort and detachment from worldly pleasures, allowing for greater focus on spiritual matters.
תענית	Ta'anit	Fast. Abstaining from food and drink. Fasting on Yom Kippur is a complete fast, meaning no food or drink is consumed from sunset on Yom Kippur eve until nightfall on Yom Kippur. The fast is seen as a way to purify the body and soul and to demonstrate one's commitment to repentance.
תחנון	Tachanun	Supplications. Prayers of penitence and supplication. Not recited on Yom Kippur due to the sanctity and solemnity of the day. While Yom Kippur is a day of judgment, it is also a day of hope and forgiveness, and therefore the mood is not one of utter dejection but of hopeful repentance.
אבינו מלכנו	Avinu Malkeinu	"Our Father, Our King." A prayer of supplication recited multiple times during Yom Kippur. It addresses God with both paternal and regal titles, acknowledging both His mercy and His sovereignty. The prayer consists of short, impactful lines, each expressing a specific request or plea for forgiveness.
ברכת הלבנה	Birkat HaLevana	Blessing of the Moon. Recited after Yom Kippur, preferably on the following Saturday night. This blessing acknowledges God's dominion over the celestial bodies and expresses joy in the renewal of the moon's cycle. It is postponed if Yom Kippur falls on Saturday night, as it is forbidden to recite Shehecheyanu (the blessing for new and special occasions) after Yom Kippur until the following Shabbat.
סליחות	Selichot	Penitential prayers. Recited during the Ten Days of Repentance, leading up to Yom Kippur, and also during the month of Elul. These prayers express remorse for sins, ask for forgiveness, and plead for God's mercy. They often contain vivid imagery of judgment and divine attributes.
שופר	Shofar	Ram's horn. Blown on Rosh Hashanah, not Yom Kippur. The shofar blasts serve as a wake-up call, urging people to repent and prepare for judgment.
לולב	Lulav	Palm branch. One of the Four Species used during Sukkot, not Yom Kippur.
אתרוג	Etrog	Citron. One of the Four Species used during Sukkot, not Yom Kippur.
סוכה	Sukkah	Booth. A temporary dwelling used during Sukkot, not Yom Kippur. The sukkah commemorates the temporary shelters used by the Israelites during their wanderings in the desert after the Exodus from Egypt.
מיתה בידי שמים	Mita B'Ydei Shamayim	Death by Heavenly decree. One of the four forms of capital punishment mentioned in the Talmud, along with Sekila, Serefa, Hereg, and Henek. While capital punishment is no longer practiced, the concept is used symbolically in the Kapparot ritual as a way of acknowledging the severity of sin and the need for atonement.
מלקות	Malkot	Lashes. A form of punishment mentioned in the Torah. In the context of Yom Kippur, some have the custom of symbolically enacting malkot by receiving light blows with a leather strap, representing self-inflicted punishment for one's sins. This is not a universally practiced custom.

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